Guest: Dr. Donald Rapp. We discussed using indigenous resources to facilitate HSF to Mars, then the great climate change debate based on facts not agendas. Please direct all comments and questions regarding Space Show programs/guest(s) to the Space Show blog, http://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments and questions should be relevant to the specific Space Show program. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are a violation of our copyright and are not permitted without prior written consent, even if for your own use. We do not permit the commercial use of Space Show programs or any part thereof, nor do we permit editing, YouTube clips, or clips placed on other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted, but the quote must be cited or referenced using the proper citation format. Contact The Space Show for further information. In addition, please remember that your Amazon purchases can help support The Space Show/OGLF. See www.onegiantleapfoundation.org/amazon.htm. For those listening to archives using live365.com and rating the programs, please email me as to why you assign a specific rating to the show. This will help me bring better programming to the audience. We welcomed back to the show Dr. Donald Rapp to discuss two important topics. In the first segment we addressed using indigenous resources to facilitate human spaceflight to Mars and the MOXIE experiment on Mars 2020. In the second segment, Dr. Rapp examined the climate change debate without out preconceived belief systems by an honest examination of the data. To start our first segment, Dr. Rapp talked about the massive amounts of propellant needed for a human mission to Mars which then led us to discussing using resources on Mars to make propellant for the return to Earth. Our guest was asked about going to Mars via the Moon and using lunar ice to make propellant for the Mars mission. This proved to be quite a mini-discussion as Dr. Rapp was skeptical about the use of lunar resources including water ice as an assist for a manned Mars mission. Many listeners asked him challenging questions about his position and conclusions do don't miss this important discussion. Later in the segment a listener asked Dr. Rapp about the potential benefits of using nuclear power and nuclear propulsion. This too was a fascinating mini-discussion so don't miss it, especially the call on the subject from listener Kris. Dr. Rapp was asked about the MOXIE experiment which we talked about at length, then he was asked about the need for heavy lift rockets to Mars. Our guest supported heavy lift which he defined as a 100-120 tons to LEO. In the second segment, climate change was our main topic. Here he talked about extreme agendas by both the climate alarmists and the climate skeptics and said a new group was emerging which he called the "lukewarmists" who actually and honestly evaluated the data without a preconceived belief system. Dr. Rapp went through the known facts, the history of the subject, the warming periods, the CO2 levels and where on Earth warming mostly took place though there has been no warming from 1998-2015. We talked about sunspots and climate change and the impact of El Nino and La Nina. He also talked about global energy usage and the projected increases for the 21st century and beyond. The increasing use of power and pollution by China and India were important factors in this discussion. Listeners had many questions for him including many wanting a way to deal with excessive, costly and unscientific regulations that are forced on the people by politicians who don't know the facts and have an agenda to their behavior. No solutions were offered. A teacher wrote in about the challenges she has teaching factual climate change to her students because parents on both sides of the issue come in and complain that the "truth" was not being taught in the class. Dr. Rapp offered us concluding remarks around the basic idea that everything is complicated including sending humans to Mars and dealing with climate change issues. Please post your comments on TSS blog. You can contact Dr. Rapp through me.